| ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY |
VALVULAR DISEASE |
| Cardiac anatomy |
Mitral valve |
| Physiology |
Aortic valve |
| Cardiac chamber conduction |
Tricuspid valve |
|
Chamber pressures
|
Pulmonic valve |
| ECG |
Related valvular disorders: |
| CV Circulation |
Flail leaflet, MAC |
| Embryology |
Subvalvular stenosis, etc. |
| Fetal Circulation |
Prosthetic valves |
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| CARDIAC EVALUATION |
DOPPLER/COLOR FLOW |
| Disease symptoms and causes |
Doppler effect |
| Ausculatory findings |
Doppler modes |
| Murmurs |
Flow profiles |
| Response to physiologic maneuvers |
Doppler display |
| ECG |
Colorflow instruments |
| Stress testing |
Normal Doppler/colorflow exam |
| Phonocardiography |
Doppler with valvular disease |
|
Pulmonary hypertension |
| 2D IMAGING |
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| Equipment set-up |
CORONARY ATERIES/ AORTA/ CARDIAC MASSES
|
| Patient positioning |
Coronary artery anatomy |
| Imaging views |
Wall motion abnormalities |
| LV volumes |
Complications of MI
|
| Optimizing the Image |
Diseases of the aorta |
| Harmonic Imaging |
Cardiac masses |
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| M-MODE |
CONGENITAL DISEASES |
| M-mode technique |
Simple congenital diseases |
| M-mode measurements |
Complex congenital diseases |
| Ejection fraction |
|
| Fractional shortening |
DISEASES OF THE WALLS |
| 2D measurements |
Anatomy |
|
Pericarditis |
| HEMODYNAMICS |
Pericardial effusion |
| Hemodynamic principles |
Cardiac tamponade |
| Blood flow dynamics |
Bacterial endocarditis |
| Poiseuille's Law |
Cardiomyopathies |
| Blood flow types |
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| Reynolds number |
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| Bernoulli |
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| Effects of abnormal pressures |
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| Qp:Qs |
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